Cossonda in the Modern Spanish State (1707-1936)

<body bgcolor="#000000"> <div class=Section1> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">With the publication of the Decree of New Plant the June 24<sup>th</sup> of 1707 the status legal and political of Cossonda gives a radical turn and is gotten up which today we know like the Modern Spanish State, although the war continuous until 1714. </font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:0cm;text-indent:1.0cm'> <span lang=ES-TRAD style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:ES-TRAD'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"> </font><![endif]></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">Thus in 1708 "la Unión de Labradores" decides to pay half of the value of the cavalry that badly lost with occasion of the war, whenever it was not by its fault and trying not to approach more than four leagues to the army, remedying therefore a great badly to the cossondans, because frequently they passed by the neighbourhoods the warring armies, and they seized of whichever cavalries found, thus causing enormous damage to the agriculturists. </font> </span><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In 1709 the population is of 120 neighbours or houses.</font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:0cm;text-indent:1.0cm'> <span lang=ES-TRAD style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:ES-TRAD'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"> </font><![endif]></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">The April 3<sup>rd</sup> of 1711, by a Real Decree, Sir Felipe V divides the old Kingdom of Aragon in 13 Groups of Judges, Cossonda is including in the one of Daroca, that agrees almost to the plenary session with the limits of the Vereda of Daroca.</font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:1.0cm'> <span lang=ES-TRAD style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:ES-TRAD'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"> </font><![endif]></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In 1712 passes away in Saragossa that had been Vicar of Cossonda Mosen José Torres Busal, being buried in the Church of Saint Paul of this city. The following year is made the altarpiece of Our Lady of the Rosary, paying it its Brotherhood, by the construction and carving 200 "jaquesas" pounds and, to gild it, 280, being the best one of all the altarpieces of the Church, with abundant stature, loose and concluded very well, and with rich and permanent gilding. </font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt">  </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">The population of the town is of 100 neighbours or houses and the wine production in 1716 is of 72000 "cantaros" of wine (19584 bushels). It's necessary to remember that the measurement for the wine was the "alquez", that was made up of 12 "cantaros" and one of these of 16 "jarros" or "cuartillas". </font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=ES-TRAD><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"> </font><![endif]></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In the 1717 the census made gives to a population of 61 neighbours or houses which indicates the fluctuation and disparity of these censuses, since although true epidemics could exist that decimated the town, the number of houses as soon as it varied, and less than 100 to 61 in 4 years, and these data are explained because depending of epigraph of the census, statistical or tax collecting, many houses were grouped like one, parents and sons. Let us remember at those moments the house besides for being a physical space also was considered like a familiar unit.</font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:1.0cm'><b> <span style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"> </font><![endif]></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In 1720 enters in Cossonda like Rector Mosen Miguel de Tena, natural of the Almunia of Ms. Godina, and follows the way that had drawn up the Rector Juan Bautista Busal, his predecessor, although is not any new work made in these years. In this period the prosperity of "la Unión de Labradores" is increasing, since it not only took care of the insurance of cavalries, but that in addition was taken care of the loan of seeds and the one of clothes, giving money with the jewel guarantee, that was deposited in the file of "la Unión", until the loan was given back or happened the time agreed, in the same way that today is made in the Houses of Loan.</font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">The census of 1724 gives a population of 81 neighbours or houses and, according to the Real Hearing of Aragon, in 1733 there is a process of lordship in Cossonda and in 1737 5 houses lordlies.</font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:0cm;text-indent:1.0cm'> <span style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"> </font><![endif]></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">The December 7<sup>th</sup> of 1745 pass away in Cossonda, to the seventy-one years old, the Rector Mosen Miguel de Tena, leaving a legacy of 40 "jaquesas" pounds of pension to pay a teacher of girls. Happens he to the firsts of April of 1746 Mosen Juan de Lario and Lancis, of 33 years old, been born in Torrecilla of the Rebollar the October 4<sup>th</sup> of 1712, coming from Brea, where it was from 1742. </font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">The May 16<sup>th</sup> of 1748 the Archbishop of Saragossa writes the following letter: </font></span> <span style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;'><font size="2" color="#FFFFFF">“<i>Don Francisco Ingnacio de Añoa y Busto por la gracia de Dios y de la Santa Sede Apostólica. Arzobispo de Zaragoza. Por quanto por parte del Ayuntamiento de la Villa de Cosuenda de este nuestro Arzobispado se nos ha representado que sus vecinos y moradores, hallandose afligidisimos, viendo que Dios nuestro Santo ademas de la suma falta de agua que pasaron les castiga con la plaga de los gusanos que infestan y talan todos los campos, han determinado acudir al amparo y protección de Maria Santísima en su Sagrada Imagen a Lagunas, yendo procesionalmente a visitarla a la Iglesia Parroquial de la Villa de Cariñena, donde ahora se halla colocada, y para poderlo ejecutar se nos ha suplicado fuesemos servidos concederles nuestro permiso y precisa licencia. Por tanto, atendiendo a tan justos ruegos, y deseando el mayor consuelo espiritual y temporal a los Fieles nuestros Subditos, les damos y concedemos la deseada licencia para que con la Cruz y Clerecia de la Parroquia de Nuestra Señora de Cosuenda en el dia que con acuerdo a su Retor y Capitulo se señalase, puedan ir procesionalmente a la Parroquia de Cariñena. Y les Mandamos que en la ida y buelta procedan con la modestia, devoción y compostura que pide tan devoto acto, no sea que donde piensan hallar alivio, encuentren su mayor ruina. Y finalmente mandamos al expresado Retor, amoneste y de a entender al Pueblo, que el mejor medio para aplacar la Divina Justicia es la detestacion de los pecados y ferquencia de los Santos Sacramentos, para que de este modo se haga la Nuestra Procesión con el fruto que deseamos. Confirmada de nuestro Vicario General y refrendado por el infrascripto nuestro Vice-Secretario de Camara de Zaragoza a diez y seis de Mayo de mil setecientos quarenta y ocho.</i>” That it means: </font></span> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">"Sir Francisco Ingnacio de Añoa and Busto by the grace of God and the Holy See. Archbishop of </font></span><font size="2"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF">Saragossa. Respecting by part of the Town Council of the Villa de Cossonda of this our Archbishopric one has imagined to us that its neighbours and habitants, being very afflicteds, seeing that God in addition of the extreme lack of water that happened it punishes to them with the plague of the worms that infest and destroy all the fields, have determined to go to the shelter and protection of Sainte Maria in their Sacred Image to Lagunas, going processionally to visit she to the Parochial Church of the Villa de Carignena, where now she's placed, and to be able to</span><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-GB"> execute it has been supplicate to us we were served to grant our permission and needs license to them. Therefore, taking care of so right requests, and wishing the greater spiritual and temporary consolation to the Faithfuls our Subjects, we give and we grant the wished license them so that with the Cross and Clergy of the Parish of Our Mrs. of Cossonda in the day that with agreement to its Rector and Chapter was indicated, they can go processionally to the Parish of Carignena. And We sent that in the roundtrip they come with modesty, devotion to them and composure that requests so devotee act, is not that where thinks to find lightening, they find his greater ruin. And finally we sent to the expressed Rector, admonishes and of a to understand the Town, that the best means to appease Divine Justice are the detestation of the sins and frequency of the Holy Sacraments, so that this way Our Procession with the fruit becomes that we wished. Confirmed of our Vicar General and authenticated by our Vice-secretary of Camera de Saragossa the May 16<sup>th</sup> of 1748".</span></font></font><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"><font size="2"> This same year the wine production in the town is of 34320 "cantaros" of strained wine, 6240 of press wine, 12120 of grenache and  1380 of "pajarilla". </font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:1.0cm'> <span lang=ES-TRAD style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:ES-TRAD'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"> </font><![endif]></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In 1753 Mosen Juan de Lario and Lancis inaugurates and blesses the new altars of Saint Bernabeu and Saint John, facts with a beautiful jasper socle, to game with the baptismal battery, brought of the quarries of Fonfria, and the presbytery and the columns, of black marble of Calatorao, paid to 5 "sueldos" the cubical hand span. </font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=ES-TRAD><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"> </font><![endif]></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">It is thought already that also it inaugurated the chapel of the Holy Christ, being Auxiliary Bishop of Saragossa, with an image with a high artistic value and a superb expression in the face. </font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:1.0cm'> <span lang=ES-TRAD style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:ES-TRAD'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"> </font><![endif]></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In 1754 Manuel Lopez de Ansó has a lawsuit against the Town Council to spill polluting substances to the River of his factory of brandy and in 1755 the wine production in the town is of 33050 "cantaros".</font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:1.0cm'> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-ansi-language:ES-TRAD" lang="ES-TRAD"> <font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"> </font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">The December 4<sup>th</sup>of 1757 Mosen Juan de Lario and Lancis are consecrated in Osca like Auxiliary Bishop of Saragossa, being elect by Sir Francisco Ignacio de Añoa and Busto and consecrated by the Bishops of Osca, Jaca and Barbastro. </font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In 1759 the wine production in the town is of 5760 "cantaros" of strained wine, 3120 of press wine, 5760 of grenache and  2760 of "pajarilla".</font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In 1760 Mosen Juan de Lario and Lancis visits in quality of Auxiliary Bishop of Saragossa, in addition to the visits that did in the Archbishopric, the Island of Eivissa, in company of the Archbishop of Tarragona, to which it belonged. In 1763 he confirms, in quality of Auxiliary Bishop of Saragossa, the Bishopric of Pamplona. He continues making numerous visits within his Archbishopric. The May 19<sup>th</sup> of 1764 are named Archbishop of Tarragona. The Papal Bulls are sent the August 20<sup>th</sup> of the same year and takes possession at the end of October, leaving the Rectory de Cossonda. The March 1<sup>st</sup> of 1768 proclaims the "Nou Pla" in the Archbishopric of Tarragona that modifies the existing structure and suppresses the rural notaries.</font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt">  </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In 1770 the wine production in the town is of 82680 "cantaros", 27960 of strained wine, 11280 of press wine, 3120 of grenache and  1920 of "pajarilla". The census of 1771 gives to a population of 300 neighbours or houses.</font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In 1773 is granted the lordship to the "Cortés de Cosuenda" and in 1774 the wine production is of 38400 "cantaros" and in 1775 of 38880.</font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:1.0cm'> <span lang=ES-TRAD style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:ES-TRAD'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"> </font><![endif]></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In 1780 it removes the Christ in supplication to the Holy Crist for the first time, being a great drought. According to chronicles of the time nothing else to return to the temple, rained. He was Rector Mosen Blas Aspás. </font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In 1781 it's a great chick-pea harvest. The average in this century was in about 100 "cafices". In 1782 Mosen Juan de Lario and Lancis secretes the Island of Eivissa of the Archbishopric of Tarragona and unites it to the one of Valencia. </font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In 1784 the wine production in the town is of 33720 "cantaros" of strained wine, 4680 of press wine, 4680 of grenache and  3600 of "pajarilla".</font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In 1787 the englishman Joseph Townsend visits the region relating that the wine is of the best quality and than no doubt that very is looked for in England as soon as with the sea is contacted. The census made this year gives a population of 61 neighbours or houses.</font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In 1788 the wine production in the town is of 76320 "cantaros" and in 1791 of 55440 "cantaros" of wine strained, 1220 of press wine, 13920 of grenache and  6120 of "pajarilla".</font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In 1796, according to the Real Hearing of Aragon, there is a process of lordship in Cossonda. The census of the following year gives to a population of 199 neighbours or houses.</font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:1.0cm'> <span lang=ES-TRAD style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:ES-TRAD'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"> </font><![endif]></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In 1798 Sir Ignacio de Asso speak of the Region in his "</font></span><font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;'>Historia de la Economía Política de Aragón</span></font><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"><font size="2">" saying that the more important vineyards were the "crujillón" and the grenaches, being a very closed wine of colour, that had to temper mixing greater proportion of white grape and repeating the transmute more than what it got used to after having clarify the wine with clear of egg. Also he say that in Cossonda a very famous grenache with grape becomes of this same name. </font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In the year 1799 one starts up, by the Real Society of Friends of the Country, "el Montepío de Labradores" of the Diocese of Saragossa serving as Model "la Unión" of Cossonda.</font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=ES-TRAD><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"> </font><![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">Releasing new century, in 1801 the wine production in the town is of 53400 "cantaros" of strained wine, 7960 of wine of press and  3960 of "pajarilla". The production of beans is terrible, 30 "almudes", and of gravels, 40. In 1803 it is of 63720 "cantaros" of strained wine and 13440 of press wine. </font> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In 1803 and 1804 epidemic buds of tertians are registered, fevers, intestinal worms, dysentery, because of the calamitous harvests of the period 1800-1804. </font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In 1808 the Napoleonic Invasion in Cossonda is chewed and the men of the Region decide to form the Battalion of Hunting Volunteers of the Field of Carignena, to the orders of Sir Ramon Gayán Diaz. In the First Site of Saragossa this battalion, with the officials Sir Juan and Sir Miguel Frasno, the sergeant Martín Brun and his companions, reconquers with hand grenades the Convent of Sainte Catherine. In May the General Palafox gives to the Battalion of Hunting Volunteers of the Field of Carignena a white flag with the image of the Virgin of the Pilar and the arms of Saragossa in honour to the defense. The July 16<sup>th</sup> the Napoleonic Army faces towards "el Puerto Codos" with 1200 men of infantry and 50 of cavalry and are retired by the Commander Sir Ramon Gayán, with the towns of Cossonda, Aguaron and Codos armed and about 50 volunteers of the Battalion. Finally in 1809 the Napoleonic Army takes the town without hardly resistance, without before not to have destroyed the Castle of Almonacid of the Sierra to cannon shots.</font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:0cm;text-indent:1.0cm'> <span style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"> </font><![endif]></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In 1812 Aragon in 4 prefectures is divided. Cossonda enters the one of Turia and Xiloca (Terol), Group of Judges of Daroca. To end of year the town of the Napoleonic Army frees itself and happens to comprise of Borbonic Intendancy of Calatayud.</font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-ansi-language:ES'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"> </font><![endif]></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">The August 18<sup>th</sup> of 1813 the Napoleonic Army flies the Palace of the Archbishop of Tarragona, losing itself therefore the documentation and a picture to the oil on its Archbishop, Mosen Juan de Lario and Lancis. </font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In 1814 the wine production in the town is of 46680 "cantaros" of strained wine, 1932 of press wine and  4800 of "pajarilla". In 1817 there are in Cossonda 3300 heads of cattle.</font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In 1818 Vicente Lasierra and Francisca Hernandez grant to Jorge Lopez and Joaquina Redondo in writing of cession the olive grove that with its loads maintains day and night ignited the lamp of the Chapel of the Holy Christ, where are buried, also the care of the table cloths.</font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">The October 7<sup>th</sup> of 1821 the Extraordinary Courts approve the division of Aragon in 4 provinces (Osca, Saragossa, Calatayud and Terol) entering Cossonda to the one of Saragossa. </font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In 1822 is an epidemic of smallpox in Cossonda with high percentage in infantile deaths. Passes away in Cossonda Sir Pascual Agustín García, born in Zamora in 1776, which the October 2<sup>nd</sup> of 1807 had obtained the Chair of Physiology of Madrid in a hardest opposition with fifteen opponents between doctors and veterinarians. In 1818 he had developed a treaty on equine young and of some diseases, of his remedies and cures that the hens, cattle and ewes suffered, treating about the these lasts origin of the merina race, its reproduction and its feeding. In addition he was the author of several articles in magazines specialized of the time and the editor of the periodic "</font></span><span style='mso-ansi-language:ES'><font size="2" color="#FFFFFF">Seminario de Agricultura”</font></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"><font size="2">, in which he published diverse works on the digestion and indigestion in the domestic animals. </font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">The October 9<sup>th</sup> of 1822 the Political Head of the Province of Calatayud sends to the Secretary of the office of the Interior of the Peninsula a writing soliciting the extinction of the Meetings of the Community of Villages of Daroca to be incompatible with the existing laws and because the Spanish Constitution not recognize another corporation between the Delegation and the Town Councils.</font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:1.0cm'> <span lang=ES-TRAD style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:ES-TRAD'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"> </font><![endif]></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In 1826 the wine production in the town is of 40200 "cantaros" of strained wine, 8040 of press wine, 1440 of grenache and  2980 of "pajarilla". </font></span><font size="2"> <span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #FFFFFF">In </span></font><span style="color:#FFFFFF"> <font size="2">1831 there is an epidemic of tertians in Cossonda. </font></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 1cm; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> <font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"> </font></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">The November 30<sup>th</sup> of 1833 the General Courts approve the division of Aragon in 3 provinces (Osca, Saragossa and Terol) belonging Cossonda to the one of Saragossa. That same year, Cossonda is in the area controlled by the carlist games of Conesa and Jover, taking place violence and exactions. </font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-ansi-language:ES'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"> </font><![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">The April 21<sup>st</sup> of 1834 subdivides the provinces in Judicial Districts. The towns of the Community of Villages of Daroca divide themselves in 5 Judicial Parties (Daroca, Calamocha, Segura, Belchite and Albarrasin) belonging Cossonda to the one of Daroca. </font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:1.0cm'> <span style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"> </font><![endif]></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">The October 6<sup>th</sup> of 1834 a rage epidemic begins, that arrives at its zenith between the 17 and 20 of the same month and are declared frees the November 21<sup>st</sup>. Disabled have left 74 men, 100 women and 26 children, pass away 18 men, 51 women and 18 children and are left 25 widowers, 9 widows and 7 orphans, of a population of 1462 people.</font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:1.0cm'> <span style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"> </font><![endif]></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In 1836 Mendizábal initiates his Law of Confiscation, that alienates the ecclesiastical goods and lasts until 1845. In Cossonda there is 4 buyers of the town and 1 of another party and 7 alienated property. The total closing of the properties is located in 55652 reals and the average rent of these property is of 268 reals. The Chapter of the Church sells 2 properties of urban with a total rent of 902 reals, 1 of them to a buyer of outside, by 23152 reals, the Rectory sells 2 of urban, the one of them Hermitage of Saint John, and 1 of peasant of 0.45 h with a total rent of 711 reals by 23000 reals and the sale of the 2 properties of urban with a rent of 265 reals, where it was the High Church, becomes by 9500 reals. Those of urban they make a total of 206 square meters.</font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-ansi-language:ES'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"> </font><![endif]></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">The May 31<sup>st</sup> of 1837 the Ministry of Interior suppresses the Community of Villages of Daroca. That same year the carlist activity becomes again to feel in Cossonda. It lasts until 1840, taking place violence and exactions. </font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-ansi-language:ES'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"> </font><![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In 1847 the censors of Madoz visit the town, of which they give the following description: "<i>Place with town council in the Province, Diocese, Territorial Hearing and Post of Captain-General of </i></font></span> <font size="2"><i> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF">Saragossa (9 leagues), Judicial District and Administration of Rents of Daroca (7). Located to the foot of a mountains, between hills. Its climate is something cold and prone to fevers. It has 200 houses, enclosed the council, a school of children, concurred by 70 real students and equipped with 2,823 and 18 maravedies, and another one of children, attended by 30, and equipped with 1,000 reals. A parochial church (Queen of the Angels). The neighbours provided themselves of the water of a source that there is in the town. Confines the term to the north with Alfamen, a (1), to the west with Almonacid (1/2), to the south with Aguaron (1/2), and to the east with Carignena (1). The land is of medium quality, part fertilized by waters of the sources that are born in the term, and the rest mountainous. Their ways are locals. The mail is received by mailman of Carignena. One takes place wheat, barley, it came and oil. One grows up wool cattle and goatish, hunting of partridges, rabbits and hares. The industry is of two factories of brandy. The population is of 210 neighbours, 800 souls, that take care in agriculture. The contribution that is paid is of 27,528 reals</span></i></font><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"><font size="2">". Also it gives in an annexed picture the following relation: Cossonda: <i>It belongs to the Archbishopric of Saragossa, 216 neighbours, 1028 souls, 158 electing contributors, 6 voters by capacity, 138 eligibles, 1 mayor, 1 lieutenant, 6 councilmen, 1 receiver, 6 substitutes, 15 listed men of 18 years, 14 of 19, 18 of 20, 17 of 21, 11 of 22, 10 of 23, and 2 of 24, that make a total of 88, corresponding it fitted of 2.9 soldiers by each "quinta" of 25000 men, the taxable wealth by city council is of 129600 reals, by neighbour of 600 reals and by habitant of 126 reals and 2 maravedies, the contribution by town council is of 27528 shields, by neighbour of 127 reals and 16 maravedies and by habitant of 26 reals and 26 maravedies, that make the 21.24 percent of the wealth</i>. In another picture it gives the distance that separates to it of other towns like of: <i>Daroca, head of Judicial Distric, 4 leagues, Aguaron 3/4, Carignena 1, Encinacorva 1 ½, Fuentes of Xiloca 4, Miedes 3, Horcajo 5, Panissa 1 ½, Used 6, Villafeliche 4, Villanueva of Xiloca 4 ¾, Vistabella 2 ½, Saragossa, Capital of Province of Territorial Hearing and Post of captain-general, 9 ½ and of Madrid, Capital of Kingdom, 41</i>. The currency is the "jaquesa" pound, that is made up of 10 aragonese reals or 20 "sueldos" of 46 "dineros". Its equivalence with the spanish currency is of 1 "jaquesa" pound is to 18 reals and 28 maravedies, 1 aragonese real is to 1 real and 30 maravedies, 1 "sueldo" to 32 maravedies and 1 "dinero" to 2 maravedies. The weight is moderate in aragonese arrobas, that have 36 aragonese pounds and these 12 aragonese ounces. Its equivalence with the spanish is of 1 aragonese arroba equal to 26 pounds, 10 ounces, 10 "adarmes" and 43/63. The unit of measurement of length is the aragonese "vara", 77.2 centimeters that are the twelve shorter than the spanish. The barren measurement of  is the "cafiz" or "cahiz", that is made up of 8 "fanegas" and each one of these of 12 "almudes". 1 "cafiz" or "cahiz" is equivalent to 40 "celemines", spanish measured. The liquids are moderate in aragonese "cantaros", that are divided in 28 pounds and the "cantaro" is equivalent to 21 little pounds or 46 "cuartillos", in spanish measurement.</font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; mso-ansi-language:ES"><font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"> </font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In 1848 the census made by the Political Superior Government of the Province of Saragossa gives to Cossonda a population of 253 neighbours or houses. That year a contract is made of renting of firewood that is based on the following points:</font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">· That the renter has to make the cut in accordance with which has Mr. Political Governor and the decree mounts.</font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">· That the leasing has to last four years, divided the Mount in four zones (</font></span><font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-ansi-language:ES-TRAD'>"Juanrubio", "el Monte la Sierra", "el Monte Blanco" and "el Madroñal"</span></font><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"><font size="2">), for every counted year from October 1<sup>st</sup> of 1849 and will end the same day of 1853.</font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">· That the 1800 "arrobas" of charcoal that it has to give annually for the assortment of the forges of the town have to be clean, of good quality and free of cutting, having to go the blacksmiths to by them to the mount or to carry them to their expenses. That if the blacksmiths them lack coal for their assortment will be pretenders to take what they need to the price that the carriers sell.</font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">· That the blacksmith has to spurt in return to the neighbours of "orejeras" to 2 "dineros", the pair of handles of hoes and some to 2 "cuartos" each one, "camas" and "dentales" of plough to 2 reals, 1 each piece, the stakes for the yokes to work to 2 "dineros" each one, not being able to sell the strangers more than the leftover wood.</font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">· That the neighbours of the town must right to take for their houses the coal that consume paying it to 3 reals the "arroba" and will be preferred the strangers when the charcoal is sold.</font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">· That the renter will not be able to take died firewood to be this one in favour of the neighbours who will be able to go to by bundle or loads of firewood so that the renter will make the clean cut by the surface of the soil. That the branches that does not need for the manufacture of the charcoal will take the bakers for the assortment of the bread furnaces to cook without being able to sell it the renter.</font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">· That to the cattle dealers it has to give the leaf to them who need for this cattle, paying it to real the load and cutting it the same cattle dealer.</font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">· That to the Town Council it has to give to 16 "arrobas" of charcoal every year to him.</font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">· That not being the sale of the firewood of the mount more than those than they can cut for charcoal, the acorn and grass it always stays as of common advantage of the neighbours and cattle.</font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">· That from the date of the present year to finalizing the pact, the renter will be responsible for all crime or damage that is committed around in the part of the mount included in its cut and to 200 twigs, if their Guardians or Factors had not reported within 4 days to Guardian and of 24 hours to the Town Council.</font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">The June 3<sup>rd</sup> of 1849 removes for the second time to the Holy Christ because of the drought, the day of the Holy Trinity, taken by 12 neighbours. In the first time it had been taken by priests but in this second already the property and goods to the Church had confiscated and were suppressed most of the ecclesiastical Chapters, being left the Rector, Mosen Matías Martínez, and a chaplain, Mosen Manuel Marín. According to chronicles they attended the Council and all the Brotherhoods with their "hachas", that the 114 children of the school and the other neighbours with candles added, and in the same act of the supplication began to fall rain. The following year it returns to remove, for third time and by the drought, the Holy Christ after 15 days of veneration and a novena is celebrated. In the occasion of the rain and of the improvement of the harvest the Council determines to do one collects and with the collected thing it celebrates a celebration of thanksgiving day the September 14<sup>th</sup> with sermon, tern and Te Deum in the end, is the beginning of the Celebrations of Summer. </font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In year 1851 one thinks that "las Bodegas Tejero" are inaugurated in Cossonda, that are oldest of Aragon than still they continue, although its real dating is of 1875.</font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In 1852 it had in term 627 h. dedicated to vine, 516 to cereal, 57 to olive-groves and 28 to irrigated land.</font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In 1856 it appears the oidium in Cossonda, which changes the traditional composition of the stock cultures, since the grenache, which yes that resisted enough good and until then he was not very abundant by its yield of until a 30% less, replaces to the "crujillón", "perrel", " vidadillo" and " cencibera" in such a way that in 1877 it had 85% of the grapevine culture, still being very sensible to the frosts and to have problems of flowering at rainy times, if next high temperatures came.</font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In 1857 the wheat production was of 430 "cafices" (76.1 long tons) and it was sold to 22 reals/"fanega", the one of barley of 1610 "cafices" (284.3 long tons) and it was sold to 11 reals/"fanega", the one of oats of 30 "cafices" (5.3 long tons), the one of beans of 30 "arrobas" (0.371 long tons) and it was sold to 22.50 reals/"arrob"a, the one of potatoes of 200 "arrobas" (2.53 long tons) and they were sold to 3 reals/"arroba", and of wine of 11500 "alqueces" (37605 bushels) and it was sold to 164 reals/"alquez". </font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In 1859 it's let feel the drought again and the May 1<sup>st</sup> it was the Council in corporation that is going to the Rectorial House to ask to the Rector Mosen Francisco Lapuerta who became solemn supplication with the Holy Christ by fourth time, since all the afternoons the Holy Rosary left in procession and in Aguarón they had removed to Jesus Nazarene and in Encinacorva they were going to remove to the Virgin from the Sea. It's made the May 3<sup>rd</sup>, taking advantage of the festivity of Santa Cruz, and is placed to the Holy Christ in the Church in the side of the Evangel and at 6:30 PM the supplication are touched, contributing to the brotherhoods and numerous neighbours a great number of candles. 32 unmarried women went dressed "Madalenas", of mourning with a white apron, the subject loose hair with a black tape that to them the head surrounded, barefoot and with the fixed glance in crucifix that took in the hands, starting the tears of those who watched to them. The brothers of the Holy Christ took black tunics. They tell to the chronicles that when the procession still arrived at the Church lacked people to leave this one and that the priest could not speak in the mass due to the weeping of people. At the few days the full cloud sky but is not gotten to rain, which increases the sadness of people. The May 12<sup>nd</sup> an uninformed general is made and extraordinary alms take shelter. All the nights meet more than thousand people to say, was people who came walking from Almonacid all the nights to participate in the supplications, repeating 50 times the oration</font></span><font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"><span lang=ES-TRAD style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:ES-TRAD'> “<i>Señor, la calamidad con que nos habéis afligido ha sido para nosotros un manantial de bienes espirituales, por los muchos pecados que hemos evitado y por tantas virtudes que hemos practicado</i>”</span></font><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"><font size="2"> that it means "Sir, the calamity whereupon you have afflicted to us has been for us a spring of spiritual goods, by the many sins that we have avoided and by so many virtues that we have practiced". The day 20 arrives the rain and it follows the "novena" and other cults until the day 22, in which its image to the town is exposed, from the oration touch to the nine at night, in an altar with curtains, tables, candelabra of bronze, candles, etc... everything offered by the town, a special mass becomes and a celebration of thanksgiving in which to the Council and the religious representatives of Aguaron and Almonacid participate, later becomes to its chapel in claustral procession singing Te Deum. The day 29 another celebration of thanksgiving is celebrated. That same year are declared alienable 32 h of "</font></span><font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"><span lang=ES-TRAD style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:ES-TRAD'>el Prau Mayor</span></font><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"><font size="2">" and they are excepted of the Confiscation 76 h in "el Madroñal" and 462 h in "Val de Laqué".</font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">The 1860 cadastre gives only four towns of the Region that have more surface of vineyard than of cereal, Panissa, Encinacorva, Aguaron and Cosssnda, this last one with 677 hectares of vineyard. 1367580 ls wine of and 3712.73 Qm of cereal take shelter. The cultivated surface is of 1228.06 h and cultivated of 2129.82 h. Also were not in Cossonda 13 employees, including town council, notary publics, doctor, veterinarian, etc..., 51 proprietors, 189 day labourers, 10 retailers, 37 craftsmen, 18 workers of the industry, 2 ecclesiastics, 28 poor men and 61 crew members. There were 1451 people of whom 372 people whom they had less than 10 h in property, 92.76% of the people who had properties, which they did 664 h, 51.50% of the one of the surface in property,  being the average surface of 2.26 h/person, 28 10 people which h in property had of h to 50, 6.98% of the people which she had properties, which h, 43.89% of the surface in property did 566, being the average surface of 20.21 h/person, and 1 person that she had more than 50 h in property, 0.24% of the people who had properties, that did 59.30 h, 4.61% of the surface in property, being the average surface of 59.30 h/person. </font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt">  </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">The May 28<sup>th</sup> of 1869 are removed on sale two property in Cossonda, one of 273 h and another one of 68. </font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">The June 5<sup>th</sup> of 1873 enter like Delegated of General Courts of Madrid the cossondan Mamés Redondo Franco, who had been chosen in the elections of the May 10<sup>th</sup> by the circumscription of Saragossa and the Electoral District of the Almunia of Ms. Godina, to whom Cossonda belonged in those elections, with 3673 votes on a total of 6653. Inflict lossless the January 8<sup>th</sup> of 1874.</font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In 1877 the Judicial District reform. Cossonda follows in the one of Daroca.</font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt">  </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In 1878 the cost of the workings by each 1000 stocks, that were equivalent to 0.4 hectares planted to compass of 2.15 meters and 2400 stocks/ha of density, was of 103.20 pesetas/ha, 24 to spend two "rejas" in winter and other two in summer, 10.50 to itch and 8.50 by each pruning, which added to the costs of gather, contribution, etc... did 152 pesetas/ha, although by the good moment that passed the wine with the French market the benefits could ascend to 520 pesetas/ha. </font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal> <span style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; '><![if !supportEmptyParas]><font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"> </font><![endif]></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">The technicals ace that were used then were rudimentary, because it was used the tip to scuttle and the Roman plough for the furrows. Later it was aligned with a cord, the place of the stocks with a cane was indicated and a hole with a drill became.</font></span></p> <p style='text-align:justify' class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="#FFFFFF">L</font><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><font size="2" color="#FFFFFF">as técnicas que se usaban entonces eran rudimentarias, pues se usaba el pico para desfondar y el arado romano para los surcos. Después se alineaba con una cuerda, se señalaba el lugar de las cepas con una caña y se hacía un agujero con una barrena.</font><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal> <span style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; '><![if !supportEmptyParas]><font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"> </font><![endif]></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">Later it was covered and in summer or winter it was grafted. When the vines or were planted, at the end of the winter or principle of the spring one first work, previous was made a short pruning, to facilitate the passage of "las juntas" by "las rengles". </font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal> <span style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; '><![if !supportEmptyParas]><font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"> </font><![endif]></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">Two cavalries were used so that the grub hoe deepened to the maximum and were made four furrows wide and deep little. Later other two furrows were made closely together of the trunk to facilitate "el picáu" or "escubrido", that was a work to maintain the humidity and to avoid the evaporation, and consisted of opening a hole around the stock, "escubrir", that was covered after carried out the second work for May or June, perpendicular to the previous one and with a single cavalry, to obtain to greater superficiality and width, avoiding therefore the evaporation.</font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">This work finished with "el rayáu", which it is the suppression of the piston rods that are created detrimental or unnecessary and that all did not do, although if that practiced the pruning in green, in the cold months, and which by tradition it used to agree with the declining phase of the moon, "la poda en mingua". </font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal> <span style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; '><![if !supportEmptyParas]><font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"> </font><![endif]></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">The Houses transmitted the pruning technique and due to the dryness of the atmosphere, it used to be short and they did it "en vaso", is to say leaving in each arm of the stock two thumbs or two yolks and arming the most robust bracket in and suppressing one of the previous year. </font></span></p> <p style='text-align:justify' class="MsoNormal"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'> <font size="2">Las Casas se transmitían la técnica de poda y debido a la sequedad del ambiente, solía ser corta y la hacían “en vaso”, es decir </font> </span> <font size="2">dejando en cada brazo de la cepa dos pulgares o dos yemas y armando la horquilla en el más robusto y suprimiendo uno del año anterior. </font> </font> </p> <p class=MsoNormal> <span style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; '><![if !supportEmptyParas]><font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"> </font><![endif]></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="en-gb"><font size="2" color="#FFFFFF">The vintage</font></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"><font size="2"> took place in Cosoenda on the month of October and it began in the low part of the term and it finished in the hig, near the mountains. The grape took shelter in "banastos" (large round baskets) of 12 to 14 kg that drained in the same vine in "covanos (cobays), of 50 to 60 kg and they were conducted to backs of cavalries until "las pisaderas", located in the court of the House and communicated with the wine presses of the warehouse, of rubblework.</font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal> <span style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; '><![if !supportEmptyParas]><font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"> </font><![endif]></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">The system was something different in the warehouses from the underground caves, although very simple and also rudimentary. For the obtaining of "clarete" and "pajarilla" it was made slide must by a slope that fell to one container excavated in the ground, "la pileta" with a depth of between 1 and 1.5 ms. Of here "el sacavotos" transferred it there to cubes with capacity of between 20 or 30 "alqueces", where began the tumultuous fermentation. For the red wine, the first fermentation took place mixing must and "la brisa" in the wine press although some preferred that this operation became in cubes. To the fifteen days of it or it had fermented and "la brisa" retired of cubes by the superior part and it took to the wood press, through which or they had happened coming from musts destined to "clarete" and "pajarilla". As these were scarce, in Cossonda they were used to share and it delayed a little the elaboration. The liquid result of the pressed one, "el revino", was distributed between cubes and the second fermentation was expected. Before pressing, it was used to send plaster to "la brisa" to obtain the maximal amount of colorant and to facilitate the cleaning of the wine and some they mopped cubes before spilling must, cleaning the walls of the wine presses with a "escobizo" and water and also lime. All wanted to conserve or the wine with the introduction of impregnated wicks of sulphur cotton, although some soured or left candies, to not to have made the complete, difficult fermentation with grapes of high glucose degree. In Cossonda much was taken care of the elaboration and the wines used to leave better quality, because when finalizing the second fermentation the wine are carried from cube to cube towards end of January or principles of February. These warehouses were very ample because they were not in the houses and in the surface they were the vents, "las lumbreras", with leaned orifices laterally and that way the grapes were sent to "la pileta"" from which must was lead to the wine press, if it were red, and to the cube when it was "clarete" or of "pajarilla". During the tumultuous fermentation the songs of "los mejedores" resonated. These, when the atmosphere of the warehouse had enough carbon dioxide gas, were placed on "la brisa" under which was must and began to be above rhythmically in one of the sides of the wine press, taken by shoulders, until to the five minutes, more or less, with hooks of three prongs, cleared "la brisa" that they had ahead and they left it on the stepped on zone. This task was animated with "las cantas mejedura", that helped to maintain the rate them. Thus it appeared must in an ample stretch of the wine press and the operation was made several times until "el sombrero" was reversed. This work became to do to the six or eight days and allowed that the wines fermented very or and were carried to the cubes with great security. If "las mejeduras" took control of elevated temperatures, the ventilation that originated "el mejido" activated the fermentation reason why these wines more were appreciated than those than were not obtained with this technique and, even some times, in the red wine with lamb blood was clarify. Also other broths were elaborated, like traditional the rancid candy "mistela", introducing must in a boiler where it cooked to direct fire until it became "arrope", of 30º to 32º, went there to a cooler and later to Cuba, where it was mixed with must no fermented. The graduation was left in 8º of sugar and 13º of alcohol produced by the slow fermentation that originated the mixture. In general the wines coming from the grenache had 16º and 17º with much aroma, body, substance and colour. Those of other stocks did not reach those degrees and were more insipid, except the "pajarilla". </font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal> <span lang=ES-TRAD style='mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:ES-TRAD'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"> </font><![endif]></span><o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In 1878, watching to notice with interest the things of "la Unión" and being tried to avoid all fraud against it, the agreement is taken from which all the first Sundays of month the cavalries remove to the square of "los unidos", so that the patrons ordered to stop to work to the cavalries that by lack of taken care of or excess of work needed rest.</font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=ES-TRAD><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"> </font><![endif]></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In year 1880 the first French owners of a wine cellar settle down themselves in the zone, the house Viloet Frères, who not only introduce technical innovations for the vinification using sulphurous to lead when they wanted to elaborate sweet wines, but also to regulate the fermentations, begin to much more take care of the cleaning of the tools and use iron presses, producing "mistela" and "piqueta", that is the resulted of the water addition on "la brisa" that was in the cube after fermented and removed the wine and to the delay from a new fermentation. A "vinillo" of colour very sure but more alive was obtained than the French "vinagrillos". Ésto was fermented with breezes of rich grapes, that already had given a red wine of 16 18º, and the resulting "piqueta" had more force than French "vinillo".</font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:1.0cm;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none'> <span style='mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;'><![if !supportEmptyParas]><font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"> </font><![endif]></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In 1881 it begins to work the train from Madrid to Barcelona, with which Morata of Xalon becomes an important vinicole center that it gives to exit to wines of Cossonda and other towns of the Region. The importance of these exports fomented the establishment of the railway line of narrow route that united Carignena with Saragossa, which was constructed in 1882.</font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In 1885 appears in Cossonda the mildew, the Farm Experimental School of Saragossa helps to fight it with prepared of copper. The cost of one hectare of vineyard is of 360 pesetas.</font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In year 1887 it is inaugurated the railway between Carignena and Saragossa, approaching therefore the exit of wines of Cossonda the outside. Although by the overproduction begins to lower the price of the grape of 24 reals/"arroba" in 1885 to 8 in 1887 and 1.25 in 1888. </font></span> <span style="color:#FFFFFF"><font size="2">There are in Cossonda 1488 habitants.</font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:1.0cm'> <span style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"> </font><![endif]></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">The April 30<sup>th</sup> of 1896 the Holy Christ removes by fifth time in supplication, upon friendly request of the Council, raining during the procession and in different days of the "novena", according to chronicles. It is given back to his chapel in procession, presided over by the Rector Mosen Rafael Gasca, with the hymn Te Deum.</font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In 1892 the French Government closes the borders from his country to the imports and for that reason the Region, and Cossonda with it, is with much production that cannot be sold, reason why it begins to develop the industry of the production of vinic alcohols, liquors, flavoured with aniseed, etc... By it in 1897 loss the population of Cossonda to 1302 habitants and in 1900 to 1270. </font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:1.0cm;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none'> <span style='mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;'><![if !supportEmptyParas]><font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"> </font><![endif]></span><o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In 1901 it appears the phylloxera in Cossonda, that destroys all the stocks and contributes to the greater transformation of the history of the grapevine, since this insect attacks the root of the stock, and was necessary to clear the old stocks to change them by American varieties, that when having the crust by the heaviest root prevented that the tip of the insect arrived at the sap. Also it had to scuttle the land, to buy patterns to other zones and to graft the native varieties in the American feet, that badly gave to grapes of little must and flavour, besides to have new tools and a "malacate" that was quite expensive. For that reason several grape growers are associated and bought that tool, that threw it more than 10 cavalries and could plant up to 200 daily stocks. The francheamericans hybrid patrons "Aramón" were used and "Murviedro" but these failed in the shades you cold and humid, although in the solariums and the plane they stayed perfectly.</font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace: none'><span style='mso-ansi-language:ES'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"> </font><![endif]></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In 1903 a chronicle of the saragossan newspaper Heraldo de Aragón relates to us that "Between the feast the classic dance deserves special attention, whose dancings and this have been the rejoicing of all. By his grace and agility the boy Damasito Sánchez deserves special mention, who for of Angel " </font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In 1905 the cost of one hectare of vineyard is of 40 pesetas. </font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In 1911 Alfonso XIII it grants to Carignena the title of city, obtaining this one his own judicial district. Cossonda integra in it. </font> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In 1910 there were in the town 1105 habitants. The Almanac of Aragon of that year gives the following information us: Cossonda: Town with council of 1270 habitants, to 8 kilometers of the party head, whose station is the next and 50 kilometers of the capital. There is a round-top to the station, that receives 3 pesetas by seat. The mail is distributed at 9 AM and at 5 PM  and it takes shelter at 7 AM and at 3PM. There is money order of up to 50 pesetas. The highway of Carignena to Almunia crosses the term. The main productions are the wine and the cereals. The forest wealth is based on the evergreen oak and the rosemary. There is electrical lighting system. The Celebration is the September 18<sup>th</sup>, Saint Bernabeu. Mayor: Don Arturo Tello Gascón, Secretary: Don Gregorio Garza, Bailiff: Don Pedro García, Guardians: Don Eduardo Pascual and Don Antonio Montañés, Judge Municipal: Don Enrique Cucalón, Public prosecutor: Don Joaquin Boráu, Parish priest: Mosen José María Gil Oroquieta, Coadjutor: Mosen Miguel Larrasa, Mailman: Don Mauricio Incausa, Teacher of girls: Doña Isabel Pueyo, Teacher of boys: Don Pascual Urieta, Titular Doctor: Don José Fraile, Veterinarian: Don Ruperto Sanz, Bricklayer: Mariano Ranz, Oil Mill: Widow of Pascual, Alcohol Factory: Tejero and Company, Sandal shops: Miguel Lorente and Francisco Muñoz, Barber's shop: Bernabé Benedí, Charcoals: Juan Gracia and Leoncio Lorente, Coffees: Joaquin Boráu and Donato Lorente, Casino: "</font></span><font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"><span style='mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;'>Unión Agrícola</span></font><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"><font size="2">", Carpentry: Leandro Moros, Eatables: Alberto Anadón, José Benedí, Manuel Cabrero and Francisco Usón, Commission agents: Domingo Francés, Jacinto Lasheras and Francisco Peiró, Tobacco's store: Pedro Lorente, Pharmacy: José Bernal, Blacksmith shops: Joaquin Sánchez and Francisco Usón, Seamstress: Jerónima Serrano, Bakeries: Alejandro Cebrián and José Franco, Professor of Music: Leoncio Anglada, Main poprietors: Domingo Francés, Enrique Cucalón, Dámaso López, Genaro Loscertales, Fernando Moros, Fermín Tejero, Genaro Tejero and Pablo Tejero, Tailor's shop: Manuel Peiró and Mariano Peiró, Service of vehicles: to Cariñena 2.50 pesetas and toRicla 5 pesetas, Societies: "</font></span><font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"><span style='mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;'>Sindicato Agrícola de Cosuenda</span></font><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"><font size="2">" President: Don Pascual Hernández, Taverns: Jose Benedí, Pedro García and Felix Mendoza, and Shoe shops: Juan Marín and Ildefonso Moros.</font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">The October 28<sup>th</sup> of 1911 are blessed in "la Plaza la Iglesia" the bells of the tower, that had been recasteds in Sigonsa by </font> </span><font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"> <span style='mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;'>Colina y Compañía</span></font><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"><font size="2"> taking advantage of the reform the tower in which the ceiling to two waters takes off and is placed a cupola. The names of "</font></span><font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"><span style='mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;'>María de los Ángeles</span></font><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"><font size="2">" are put to them, to the one of the north, "Barbara" to the one of the west, "Bernabé" (Valera), the greater one with 734 kg, to the one of the noon and "Petra", the minor with 394 kg to the one of the east. Its smelting pays for thanks to the parochial bottoms and are transported in the cars of several neighbours, having mounted them in the tower the craftsmen.</font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In 1912 they begin to reject the francheamericans hybrid patterns "Aramón" and "Murviedro" in favour of the American feet like "Rupestris Lot", that resisted very or to the draught and it was based very or as much in the gravel as in the royal that did not exceed more 30% of limestone, arriving at 88% of the plantations and having like disadvantage the lack of adaptation to the grenache. Also one stood with "Riparia" in the shades, and with "Berlandieri", although this one took more in being developed and giving fruit. The April  5<sup>th</sup> of that same year the Holy Christ removes by sixth time in company of Holy Sepulture, after mission and "novena", the days 10 and 30, and although rain was not immediate was beneficial and abundant the April 26<sup>th</sup> and 27<sup>th</sup>, being saved harvests, that already were considered lost. In thanksgiving a peregrination on foot to the Pilar of Saragossa was organized.</font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In 1915 there is a new attack of mildew, this time to the american new stocks, that is let notice enough. </font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In 1920 there are in Cosoenda 1093 habitants and ten years later, in 1930, 1001.</font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In 1921 Cossonda obtains to a provincial deputy in the person of Genaro Tejero López.</font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:1.0cm;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none'> <span style='mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"> </font><![endif]></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">The April 14<sup>th</sup> of 1931, after the municipal elections of the previous day, is proclaimed in "la Casa Lugar" the Republic.</font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In 1932 the Denomination of Origin "Cariñena" is created, being Cossonda leaves from it.</font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In 1933 the Broad-gauge railway is put in service that happens through Carignena. That year it has in Cossonda 940 h. of vineyard and 484 of cereal.</font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">In 1935 the wine production was of 1912600 ls and the one of cereal of 2385 Qm.</font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">The April 18<sup>th</sup> of 1936 the Council approves in Municipal Act the change of denomination of some streets, that is to say: </font> </span><font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"> <span style='mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;'>"la Calle la Fuente Nueva" to Avenida de Joaquín Costa, "la Calle las Eras Yermas" to Calle de Don Francisco Largo y Caballero, "la Calle la Ceida" to Calle de Pablo Iglesias, "la Plaza’l Mercáu" to Plaza de la República, "la Plaza la Iglesia" to Plaza de Palau y Hª Hernández, "la Carrera Auguarón" to Calle de Jiménez Asúa, "la Calle Nueva" to Calle de González Peña, "la Calle la Balsa" to Avenida de Lenin and "l'Estrecho l’Olmo" to Calle de Fernando de los Ríos. </span></font> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">The May 9<sup>th</sup> of the Council also approves in Municipal Act the change of denomination of </font></span><font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"> <span style='mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;'>"la Carrera Almonací" to Calle de Don Santiago Ramón y Cajal. </span></font> <o:p></o:p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">The July 19<sup>th</sup> of 1936 the Commander of the Civil Guard of Almonacid proclaims in "la Casa Lugar" the Rise against the Republic and restores the New Order. The July 25<sup>th</sup> of 1936 it resolve annul the variation in the street guide of days April 18<sup>th</sup> of and May 9<sup>th</sup>.</font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:1.0cm'> <span style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"> </font><![endif]></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt"> <span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #FFFFFF"> <font size="2">Finally to say, as it contrasts to the 1860 data, that in 1940 the cultivated surface is of 1820 h and not cultivated of 1537.88h (1236 h own). Of a population of 929 people there were 842 whom they had less than 10 h in property, 95.57% of the people who had properties, which they made 1526 h, 65.13% of the one of the surface in property,  being the average surface of 1.61 h/person, 37 people which 10 h in property had of h to 50, 4.19% of the people which it had properties, which 564h, 24.07% of the surface in property did, being the average surface of 15.24 h/person, and 2 people which they had more than 50 h in property, 0.22% of the people who had properties, that 253 h, 10.79% of the surface in property did, being the average surface of 126.50 h/person.</font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]></font><o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center;text-indent:27.0pt"> <font size="2"><span lang="EN-GB"> <a title="Push here to see the first chapter" style="color: #FFFFFF; text-decoration: underline; text-underline: single" target="_top" href="onlytext/history1.htm">Cossonda until the incorporation in the Kingdom of Aragon</a></span></font><span lang="EN-GB"><font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"> (Until 1119) </font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center;text-indent:27.0pt"> <font size="2"><span lang="EN-GB"> <a title="Push here to see the second chapter" style="color: #FFFFFF; text-decoration: underline; text-underline: single" target="_top" href="onlytext/history2.htm">Cossonda in the Kingdom of Aragon</a></span></font><span lang="EN-GB"><font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"> (1119-1707)</font></span></p> </div> <div class=Section1> <p class=MsoNormal align="center" style="text-indent: 1cm"> </p> <p class=MsoNormal align="center" style="text-indent: 1cm"> </p> <p class=MsoNormal align="center" style="text-indent: 1cm"><span lang=PT style='mso-ansi-language:PT'> <font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><o:p> <font color="#FFFFFF"> <a title="Push here to return to the History of Cossonda" href="onlytext/history.htm">RETURN</a></font></o:p></font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal align="center" style="text-indent: 1cm"> </p> <p class=MsoNormal align="center" style="text-indent: 1cm"><span lang=PT style='mso-ansi-language:PT'> <font size="3" color="#FFFFFF"><o:p> <font color="#FFFFFF"> <a title="Push here to go to the original version" target="_top" href="history3.htm">To go to the original version</a></font></o:p></font></span></p> </div> <p> </p> </body>